Peer Observation of Teaching Dr. Chris Wakeman Staffordshire University Centre for Professional Development In general, feedback obtained from the POT process can help instructors critically reflect upon and transform their teaching behaviors to enhance student learning (Brookfield, 1995; Fletcher, 2017). Peer observation is an effective tool for improving teaching instructions and career development, says Deepali Dharmaraj. Over the past 30-40 years, peer teaching has become increasingly popular in conjunction with mixed . Peer observation benefits Peer observation supports teachers to: engage in professional learning to improve teaching enhance students' learning through reflective practice demonstrate leadership by observing and supporting other teachers celebrate excellent teachers through the establishment of an esteemed College of Peer Observers Many of the benefits of observations--fostering continuous improvement, sparking generative discussions about teaching and learning, creating a deeper sense of connection and shared purpose among faculty--are lost when formative opportunities are not intentionally integrated into the process. Ninety four percent of participants found the exercise valuable and 88% said that they would change their teaching as a result of the exercise. It provides an opportunity to work with someone who understands the daily demands of the classroom, and this can help relax you. Age is no longer creating a divide . Benefits Some of the many benefits associated with frequent classroom observations include: Enhanced student outcomes by improving the quality of teachers through feedback on practice Identifying strengths and weaknesses for individual teachers as well as taking active steps towards improving upon them. In this study lecturers completing a Foundations program in university learning and teaching were interviewed about their experience of . Observations are also a good way to . We usually think of classroom observations as being conducted to improve the person teaching and sometimes to demonstrate an instructional strategy to the observer. Leeds Metropolitan University There are many benefits to conducting routine peer teaching observations, including: To provide continual feedback and give instructors an opportunity to consider, modify, and reexamine their teaching with the support of their colleagues. Step 1 in our process begins with establishing the norms and values that are necessary for success with peer observations. That being said, faculty largely reported being dissatisfied with the information they . Altogether the peer observation process takes approximately three hours from start to finish. They can increase teacher reflection. Accountability. For instance, a manager or an executive coach won't be as aware of certain tendencies for day-to . This paper explores how cross-institutional Peer Observation of Teaching (PoT) . Headteacher Tom Donohoe looks at how this has been achieved. The guide presents diferent models of peer observation and assessment that can be adapted to multiple contexts across the institution, providing tools and instruments for peer observation of teaching, and ofering an overview of how to best use them. Peer observation stages: o Pre-observation meeting: The observer meets with the teacher before the class to learn about the lesson's focus and objectives. Pairings may be mentor/novice or experienced teacher/experienced teacher. Such troubles may lead to misinterpretation of the data being collected (Brophy & Good 2003). how observation can be a part of the process of teacher development rather than focus on it as a component of appraisal. It also suggests ways to avoid common peer observation pitfalls and describes the benefits of partaking in an observation pairing or buddy system. tion have been described in the literature including: improvements to teaching practice, development of confidence to teach and learn more about teaching, transformation of educational perspectives (Bell 2005); the development of collegiality, including more A teacher may have intuitively felt that a learner was struggling with a concept but being in the moment could not address it. Peer observation of teaching offers many benefits such as improvements in teaching practice and the development of confidence to teach and learn more about teaching (Bell 2005 ). Peer observation of teaching (POT) typically involves the review and delivery of feedback on an instructor's teaching practices. Evaluation findings highlighted the perceived benefits of academics viewing their teaching practice through a different lens, particularly in the cross-institutional context. There are many documented benefits related to having your teaching observed. The advantages of running peer observations It can save management time: This could mean a DoS being able to do something else when they would be sitting through a class, or on them being able to concentrate on observing people who need more help. Whether intentional or accidental, most of us have learned more from experience and observation. Over the decades, teaching and training has diversified in line with shifts in the business landscape and influx of a multigenerational workforce. Not only will a person receive encouragement and helpful advice, but it comes from a relevant perspective. The observation process can lead to: Improvement: To enhance quality. Peer observation is a powerful tool for distributing good practice all over experienced personnel. Definition, aims and benefits Defining peer observation and outlining its aims and benefits. Peer observation is the observation of teachers by teachers, usually, though not always, on a reciprocal basis. peer observation of teaching at the University of Toronto, including in online courses. Part I: Key Considerations Rationale, Context and Principles Introduction .. 1. The observer will play a passive . The authors also found that over time, students in . For the observer, peer observation supports the sharing of ideas and expertise among teachers. Peer to Peer observations should be used as a tool to improve practitioners practice Examples of areas to focus on during an observation Interactions with children Using appropriate body language Using language appropriate for age of child Asking open-ended questions How practitioners deal with children's behaviour All types of teaching can be observed and through any modality. Numerous benefits of peer observa? This paper describes the peer observation model used in the tutor development program in the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Sydney, and reports on the effectiveness of this exercise using quantitative and . 1. This study employed and assessed peer observation as a constructive, developmental process for members of a Pediatric Teaching Faculty. 2.2 What are the advantages of peer observation for institutions? It can be traced back to Aristotle's use of archons, or student leaders, and to the letters of Seneca the Younger.It was first organized as a theory by Scotsman Andrew Bell in 1795, and later implemented into French and English schools in the 19 th century. Good teachers consistently reflect and develop. Results from 32 peer observations reveal both the common strengths and the areas in which tutors need to develop their teaching practice. Five Benefits to a Classroom Observation 1 A Different Set of Knowledge Even if your observer was trained by the same people and with the same material as you, she still has experience unique to herself. Knowledge development: To gain new insights. Peer observation partnerships can help teachers improve their teaching practice, transform their educational perspectives and develop collegiality (Bell 2005). It aims to support the sharing of best practice and build awareness about the impact of your own teaching. We report evidence from a study of lecturers involved in peer observation as part of a formal teacher-development program that observing a colleague teach can both show the observing teachers how new strategies work and enhance their confidence to apply them in their own teaching. The authors developed a peer observation-based physician faculty development program from 2015 to 2017. Peer observation of Teaching involves observers providing descriptive feedback to their peers on learning and teaching practice as a means to improve quality of teaching. Let's take a closer look at the benefits of peer teaching. Peer observation demands the teaching community to observe each other’s teaching practice followed in classrooms and to learn from it. The teacher should define a focus area, perhaps related to something s/he would like to improve upon or a problem that s/he is trying to solve. Peer Observation of Teaching? Creation of this resource originated from the need to translate the theory of peer . Finally, peer review - when done well - can lead to a number of benefits for the departmental and campus culture of teaching. This will vary from school to school, but the following suggestions are a good starting point: Develop and support a school culture that is respectful, trusting, and supportive. Peer observation of teaching 1. Benefits: Why Engage in Peer Observation of Teaching? Peer observation of teaching is seen as a supportive and developmental process for improving the quality of teaching in universities. Peer observation "Peer observation refers to a teacher or other observer closely watching and monitoring a language lesson or part of a lesson inorder to gain an understanding of some aspect of teashing, learning, or classroom interaction" Richards and Farrel . 1. Toronto, ON: Centre for TEACHING Support & Innovation, University of Toronto. After the observation Due to its direct involvement with the individuals observed, observation does have a benefit; however, it is time-consuming (Robson, 2002). According to Brickman, Gormally, and Marchand Martella (2017), student evaluations at the end of each semester along with peer evaluations are the two sources through which faculty can receive feedback. A number of references and sample peer observation of teaching forms are included at the end of the handbook. . Peer observation partnerships can help teachers improve their teaching practice, transform their educational perspectives and develop collegiality (Bell 2005). In addition, as experienced teachers themselves, faculty can offer colleagues important perspectives to inform efforts to improve teaching, from discussions of course materials to debriefs of classroom observations. Evidence is emerging that the process of observing is just as if not more valuable than being observed and given feedback. 1. Sometimes communicating classroom observations to the observed teacher is useful. Research studies showed the benefits of conducting reflective practice to improve teachers' classroom instruction. In a paper by White, Park and Israel (2009), the authors found that college students in contact with a peer educator were significantly less likely to engage in dangerous alcohol consumption. This study gives detailed information about the purpose and principle of peer observation along with the steps followed in the peer observation cycle . Peer observation of teaching can complement workshops or consultations on teaching: Classroom visits provide a framework for mutual exchanges of ideas and opportunities for networking between colleagues with an interest in teaching. overview. Peer observation gives teachers an opportunity to learn from each other in a non-threatening environment. During the observation the Peer Observation Form is used by the observer to takes notes. Effective #schools appreciate that non-judgemental observations can form part of high-quality #ProfessionalDevelopment Our 'Getting Started with Peer Observation' guide links what education research says with what happens in the classroom. Peer Sharing through Observation The way forward 1) Staff have requested a move to peer observation where a teacher identifies an aspect of teaching where they recognise their own need for development, and arrange to partner themselves with a teacher who demonstrates that skill. The Peer Observation of Teaching process has been well-documented in the scholarship and is also encouraged in UTRGV's HOP policies. Three Models for Peer 2. The benefits of peer observation of teaching for tutor development Authors: Amani Bell The University of Sydney Rosina Mladenovic The University of Sydney Abstract and Figures Peer. This paves the learner student to learn without depending upon the teacher, and the teacher-student to revise the topic again, on the belief . This program encompasses 10 hours of face-to-face conversations with a series of structured sessions focused on learning about the benefits of peer observation, understanding and . Peer teaching is one of the best ways to master a particular subject. Receiving feedback was also perceived to be useful but not more beneficial than watching a peer teach. CONTENTS. Peer helpers gain a deeper understanding of what they teach to other peers, which benefits them as well as the peer they are helping Peers feel more comfortable and would open up and interact more with other peers rather than teachers or staff Both peers would have a greater connection because of their similar positions in school P eer teaching is not a new concept. It Can Improve Students' Attitudes Toward Learning One of the benefits of peer teaching is that it can have a positive effect on students' attitudes about what they're learning and the learning process in general. Benefits of peer observation Builds collegiality among teachers . Enhance teaching practice through critical reflection, Enhance quality of student learning, and Identify areas of focus for both the person observing and the person teaching. Peer observation boosts confidence. The necessary growth of eLearning, remote teaching, and the related digital and blended learning tools only makes this kind of reflection and teacher observation easier-and more useful for teachers who need support. Well-designed and guided instruments can enact the dynamic cycle of conversations that facilitates meaningful reflections on teaching and learning.The following represents recommendations for a guided approach to the peer observation of teaching that enact the . A large body of evidence shows that peer instruction benefits student learning. Peer observation as one of the reflective practice activities is viewed as. The post-meeting is used to debrief the observation and to collaboratively think through changes and course improvements. Peer education has been shown to be effective in enacting positive change in various spheres of health. This paper describes the peer observation model used in the tutor development program in the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Sydney, and reports on the effectiveness of this exercise using quantitative and . In peer instruction, instructors pose a challenging question to students, students answer the question individually, students work with a partner in the class to discuss their answers, and finally students answer the question again. The introduction of a peer observation programme at Anton Junior School has led to a much stronger focus on pedagogy, improvements in teaching and learning, and has been embraced by staff. To determine the mechanism for these benefits, we collected semester-long data from . Undertaking an observation is a useful way to determine the standard and quality of delivery, teaching, learning and assessment a provider offers. Purpose and benefits of peer observation Observation isabasic part ofthe learning ofmany occupations, particularly in vocational and technical fields, but learning through the observation of 85 The observational method of teacher evaluation makes the assumption that the evaluator will get an accurate picture of the teacher's effectiveness in the classroom by observing the teacher during one hour or two hours of this time. Having never had the opportunity to formally observe the practice of colleagues during my own . The perspective of a peer enables an individual to receive greater accountability in coaching. It focuses on individual requirements and learning by receiving and providing constructive feedback. View Using-peer-observation-to-enhance-teaching-Leeds-University.pdf from ASTR 8011 at Australian National University. Participants in the series explore peer observation of teaching as a guided process that can result in mutually beneficial conversations on teaching and learning. The benefits for observers include learning about a new strategy and enhancing their confidence to try this strategy in their own teaching. Conclusions: According to the expert panel, in order to achieve the benefits of peer observation, schools must protect time to engage in peer observations, have clarity of purpose and consistency in the process, provide opportunities for teacher input and choice, maintain an environment for adult learning, and provide adequate teacher training . The purpose of peer observation is to provide targeted feedback in the spirit of collegiality and constant improvement. This paper describes the peer observation model used in the tutor development program in the Faculty of Economics and . Indeed, in many situation the greatest benefits actually flow to the person who is observing. We aimed to understand benefits and challenges of a physician faculty development program based on peer observation of teaching and to develop best practice recommendations for future program development. Effective peer observation (including feedback and reflection): Peer observation provides the opportunity of having had an additional resource in the classroom to help teachers unpack missed nuances. Pre-judgments and predispositions may also produce troubles with observation. Sullivan, Buckle, Nicky, and Atkinson (2012) further Teaching enumerate the practical benefits of peer observation, stating that the process can additionally reaffirm Peer observation of teaching in higher education has teaching skills, provide developmental feedback and been used and evaluated both as a faculty development ultimately maintain . Having more frequent insights into that process acts like formative assessment strategies . The benefits of peer observation of teaching for tutor development. The purpose of undertaking observations of teaching and learning is to ensure that high standards are maintained within a school, college or training provider. For the teacher being observed, peer observation provides a valuable opportunity to discuss challenges and successes of teaching practice with trusted colleagues. 2. One way in which peer observation can be very effective is when teachers acquire new skills or ideas at conferences and then model those new approaches for their colleagues. inquiry into the benefits of peer observation. The most important aspect of Peer Observation is that there is teaching taking place. Make sure you are Peer support potentially counteracts the common feeling among teachers of being "lone fighters." A teacher spends approximately six hours a day, 180 days a year teaching. One of the most exciting aspects of professional development in any profession and particularly in teaching is the wide range of activities one can pursue that support future career goals and practices. Disadvantage: Unreliable. Peer observation is about teachers observing each others' practice and learning from one another. It is a method of teaching, where a student instructs another student, wherein the former will be an expert and the latter a novice. Step 1: Establish Norms and Values. Peer Coaching Benefits. Visit https://cambrid.ge/3CBWWRg to read this detailed guide full of resources to support the professional development in your school. During the observation Guidance on completing an observation, plus a form (PDF and MS Word versions) for the observer. Peer observations provide opportunities for instructors to visit, share, and learn from one another's classroom practices. Not too bad considering the benefits to . Some of these benefits include: Discussion of your teaching Sharing of good practice Positive valuing of teaching Sharing critical reflections Challenging assumptions about teaching Learning about a range of different approaches to learning and teaching Institutions need to make certain that their students are being taught efficiently and - uniformly important - consistently. Peers then provide constructive feedbacks that would enable teaching professional development through the mirror of critical reflection by both Peer OBSERVATION of TEACHING: Effective practices. Furthermore, there was an appetite for future cross-institutional cross-disciplinary . Before the observation Guidance and a form (PDF and MS Word versions) for the pre-observation stage. There are many benefits of successful peer observation of teaching: It helps to prevent pedagogical solitude by making teaching more visible and encouraging ongoing critical reflection and development among faculty about the quality of their teaching (Gosling, 2013). Methods However there may be negative aspects of peer observation including that it may be seen as intrusive and challenging academic freedom (Lomas and Nicholls 2005 ). The benefits of peer-to-peer learning practices in the workplace. The use of peers as observers can increase the number of . That is best done through observation, said Sparks, who advocates learning in the school, rather than through "pull-out" training, such as workshops. MN. But we're going to focus on some of the benefits: Readily available in-house - Instant opportunity for professional growth and self-reflection Chance to collaborate with your colleagues (I'll scratch your back if you scratch mine) Learn from the experience around you - pick up fresh ideas to add to your repertoire Step 4 - Observation process. Abstract Peer observation of teaching (POT) is a reciprocal process where a peer observes another's teaching (classroom, virtual, on -line or even teaching resource such as unit outlines, assignments). Peer observation partnerships can help teachers improve their teaching practice, transform their educational perspectives and develop collegiality (Bell 2005). For example, both will agree on aspects such as informing the class, introducing the observer, time of entering the classroom by the observer, and seating place. Author : Makena Neal . Peer observation can benefit both the teacher being observed and the observer. She has had different students in different settings for different classes and at different times. Both the observer and the observee will be involved in the process of conducting the observation as mutually agreed. It is also a good reminder that all colleagues have parts of their teaching that can be developed, regardless of how long they have taught or what position they hold in the school. Accountability: Use in personnel decisions (P&T), publicity to share with students, parents, and employers. The Why: Benefits of Peer Observation. The process of seeking and providing input from peers allows for reflection and adaptation of our teaching practices in order to become better teachers and increase student learning. The Goals and Benefits of Peer OBSERVATION of 2. In the first case the focus will be more clearly on helping the novice to develop their teaching skills both by observing and being observed by an experienced . Where there is no judgemental outcome and an atmosphere of trust between the participants, it is to be hoped that teachers will share ideas and suggestions openly and constructively to their mutual professional benefit.
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