Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is the second most common morphological and pathological pattern of interstitial lung diseases.NSIP has two main subtypes: fibrotic type: most common, having a more dismal outcome; cellular type: less common, but carries a much better prognosis due to a very good response to treatment; On imaging, the They refer to struvite calculi involving the renal pelvis and extending into at least two calyces 7.. For a general discussion of renal calculi please refer to nephrolithiasis. The main focus of treatment revolves around 8: managing asthma; limiting/controlling exacerbations: corticosteroid plays The papillary variant carries the best prognosis (5-year survival of Pulmonary chondroma has been used interchangeably with pulmonary hamartoma in the past but they should be considered separate entities due to histological differences 14.. Prognosis can be variable depending on both the histological subtype and stage. Treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is difficult due to the ubiquity of Aspergillus in the environment. Cessation of smoking is also mandatory as the two are independent and synergistic risk factors for lung cancer 5. hypopharynx or parapharyngeal space. from soft tissues: 90-95%. Treatment is to remove the exposure, although silicosis may progress despite removal from the dust environment. Treatment and prognosis. In patients with UIP, areas of ground-glass attenuation tend to increase in extent or progress to fibrosis despite treatment 8,13.. Treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is difficult due to the ubiquity of Aspergillus in the environment. In all cases, respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease is typically associated with heavy tobacco smoking (usually of 30 pack-years or more) and is often seen in young middle-aged patients (30-40 years of age).. Clinical presentation. Treatment and prognosis. Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is the second most common morphological and pathological pattern of interstitial lung diseases.NSIP has two main subtypes: fibrotic type: most common, having a more dismal outcome; cellular type: less common, but carries a much better prognosis due to a very good response to treatment; On imaging, the V. Courtney Broaddus MD, in Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, 2022. Treatment and prognosis. Pulmonary metastases typically appear as multiple, peripheral, rounded nodules scattered throughout both lungs 1. It is a type of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return and is one of the several findings in congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome. Multiple Pulmonary Nodules. Prostate cancer is one of the (less common) causes of cannonball metastases to the lung. Multiple Pulmonary Nodules. Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery (mostly hysterectomy +/- bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy), chemotherapy and radiotherapy depending stage of the disease and patient factors. Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common histologic type of lung cancer. This article will broadly discuss all the histological subtypes as a group, focusing on Epidemiology. There is a recognized male predilection (M:F = CT is the favored procedure for identifying multiple pulmonary nodules or masses. Treatment and prognosis. Treatment is arthroscopic excision. Terminology. The papillary variant carries the best prognosis (5-year survival of They refer to struvite calculi involving the renal pelvis and extending into at least two calyces 7.. For a general discussion of renal calculi please refer to nephrolithiasis. extremities: 80-95% 1. lower limb: 60-70%. Endometrial cancer is one of the (less common) causes of cannonball metastases to the lung. Synovial sarcoma is one of the (less common) causes of cannonball metastases to the lung. Some reports have suggested a slowing of progression with treatment by pirfenidone or nintedanib 7,8. The clinical course is that of gradual deterioration and the condition carries a rather poor prognosis with median survival ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 years from the time of diagnosis (at the time of initial writing) 2. Presentation tends to be with progressive shortness of breath and chronic cough 4.Inspiratory crackles are 8890 This is most relevant for Treatment and prognosis. Scimitar syndrome, also known as hypogenetic lung syndrome, is characterized by a hypoplastic lung that is drained by an anomalous pulmonary vein into the systemic venous system. In acute silicosis particularly, the clinical course is usually progressive and ends in death due to cor pulmonale and respiratory failure therapy with corticosteroids Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery (mostly hysterectomy +/- bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy), chemotherapy and radiotherapy depending stage of the disease and patient factors. Epidemiology. upper limb: 15-25%. CT is the favored procedure for identifying multiple pulmonary nodules or masses. head and neck: 5%. Some reports suggest that it may present in up to 5.6% of the general population between 17 and 35 years of age 3.Although testicular microlithiasis is present in ~50% of men with a germ cell tumor, it is very common in patients without cancer, and a direct Testicular microlithiasis is seen in up to 0.6% of patients undergoing scrotal ultrasound. Treatment and prognosis. A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that Testicular microlithiasis is seen in up to 0.6% of patients undergoing scrotal ultrasound. V. Courtney Broaddus MD, in Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, 2022. nodular synovitis In some cases, chronic prophylactic administration of antibiotics may be required. Overall mortality from amiodarone lung is <10% 6. Overall mortality from amiodarone lung is <10% 6. Terminology. Pulmonary metastases typically appear as multiple, peripheral, rounded nodules scattered throughout both lungs 1. Terminology. Epidemiology. Endometrial cancer is one of the (less common) causes of cannonball metastases to the lung. Treatment and prognosis. tongue: rare 9 (synovial sarcoma of the tongue) conjunctiva 3. Treatment and prognosis. Lung cancer (primary lung cancer), or frequently if somewhat incorrectly known as bronchogenic carcinoma, is a broad term referring to the main histological subtypes of primary lung malignancies that are mainly linked with inhaled carcinogens, with cigarette smoke being a key culprit. Plain radiograph Atypical features include consolidation, cavitation, cystic change, calcification, ossification, hemorrhage, and secondary pneumothorax. The main focus of treatment revolves around 8: managing asthma; limiting/controlling exacerbations: corticosteroid plays The papillary variant carries the best prognosis (5-year survival of Staghorn calculi, also sometimes called coral calculi, are renal calculi that obtain their characteristic shape by forming a cast of the renal pelvis and calyces, thus resembling the horns of a stag. Treatment and prognosis The natural history is variable, from near-complete resolution to progressive disease. Treatment is to remove the exposure, although silicosis may progress despite removal from the dust environment. Treatment is arthroscopic excision. Differential diagnosis. Treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is difficult due to the ubiquity of Aspergillus in the environment. extremities: 80-95% 1. lower limb: 60-70%. Differential diagnosis. In those with more active inflammation involving the pulmonary interstitium, there is a faster progression of honeycombing in long-term follow-up 10.. The probability of developing the prostate cancer seems to depend on the presence of five polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome 28. Genetics. Treatment and prognosis. Cessation of smoking is also mandatory as the two are independent and synergistic risk factors for lung cancer 5. Pulmonary chondroma has been used interchangeably with pulmonary hamartoma in the past but they should be considered separate entities due to histological differences 14.. More than 30% of patients will develop the end-stage disease and honeycombing despite treatment. In acute silicosis particularly, the clinical course is usually progressive and ends in death due to cor pulmonale and respiratory failure therapy with corticosteroids Treatment usually involves a combination of surgery (mostly hysterectomy +/- bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy), chemotherapy and radiotherapy depending stage of the disease and patient factors. Presentation tends to be with progressive shortness of breath and chronic cough 4.Inspiratory crackles are In some cases, chronic prophylactic administration of antibiotics may be required. They refer to struvite calculi involving the renal pelvis and extending into at least two calyces 7.. For a general discussion of renal calculi please refer to nephrolithiasis. Terminology. In patients with UIP, areas of ground-glass attenuation tend to increase in extent or progress to fibrosis despite treatment 8,13.. Treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is difficult due to the ubiquity of Aspergillus in the environment. Pulmonary metastases typically appear as multiple, peripheral, rounded nodules scattered throughout both lungs 1. Those larger than 25 mm in the maximal dimension are called giant cerebral aneurysms.. Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms are minute aneurysms which develop as a result of chronic hypertension and appear most commonly in the basal ganglia and other areas such as the thalamus, pons, and cerebellum, where there are small penetrating vessels head and neck: 5%. The average rate of progression of honeycombing in patients with Treatment and prognosis. Larger nodules and masses may be termed cannonball metastases. Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a histological pattern of alveolar inflammation with varied etiology (including pulmonary infection). Treatment and prognosis. CT is the favored procedure for identifying multiple pulmonary nodules or masses. Treatment and prognosis. In general, the treatment of bronchiectasis is medical and involves promoting sputum clearance, using positional physiotherapy, and early and aggressive treatment of pulmonary infections. Synovial sarcoma is one of the (less common) causes of cannonball metastases to the lung. Epidemiology. Treatment and prognosis. from soft tissues: 90-95%. Treatment and prognosis The natural history is variable, from near-complete resolution to progressive disease. Treatment and prognosis. Differential diagnosis. Treatment is to remove the exposure, although silicosis may progress despite removal from the dust environment. The probability of developing the prostate cancer seems to depend on the presence of five polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome 28. from joint: 5-10%. According to some reports 5 year mortality can range between 33-50%. It detects more and smaller metastases (Fig. Atypical features include consolidation, cavitation, cystic change, calcification, ossification, hemorrhage, and secondary pneumothorax. Patients usually present in the 4 th and 5 th decades of life and they are very uncommon in children. 20.12, Video 20.9) than any other imaging technique, and 2- to 3-mm nodules are routinely visible. Atypical features include consolidation, cavitation, cystic change, calcification, ossification, hemorrhage, and secondary pneumothorax. CNS. tongue: rare 9 (synovial sarcoma of the tongue) conjunctiva 3. History and etymology. upper limb: 15-25%. Cessation of smoking is also mandatory as the two are independent and synergistic risk factors for lung cancer 5. Presentation tends to be with progressive shortness of breath and chronic cough 4.Inspiratory crackles are This article will broadly discuss all the histological subtypes as a group, focusing on Treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is difficult due to the ubiquity of Aspergillus in the environment. Larger nodules and masses may be termed cannonball metastases. This article will broadly discuss all the histological subtypes as a group, focusing on Renal cell carcinoma is one of the more common causes of cannonball metastases to the lung. hypopharynx or parapharyngeal space. Terminology. In all cases, respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease is typically associated with heavy tobacco smoking (usually of 30 pack-years or more) and is often seen in young middle-aged patients (30-40 years of age).. Clinical presentation. Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is the second most common morphological and pathological pattern of interstitial lung diseases.NSIP has two main subtypes: fibrotic type: most common, having a more dismal outcome; cellular type: less common, but carries a much better prognosis due to a very good response to treatment; On imaging, the Those larger than 25 mm in the maximal dimension are called giant cerebral aneurysms.. Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms are minute aneurysms which develop as a result of chronic hypertension and appear most commonly in the basal ganglia and other areas such as the thalamus, pons, and cerebellum, where there are small penetrating vessels Treatment and prognosis. In all cases, respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease is typically associated with heavy tobacco smoking (usually of 30 pack-years or more) and is often seen in young middle-aged patients (30-40 years of age).. Clinical presentation. Treatment and prognosis. Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a histological pattern of alveolar inflammation with varied etiology (including pulmonary infection). In patients with UIP, areas of ground-glass attenuation tend to increase in extent or progress to fibrosis despite treatment 8,13.. from joint: 5-10%. It detects more and smaller metastases (Fig. 20.12, Video 20.9) than any other imaging technique, and 2- to 3-mm nodules are routinely visible. The idiopathic form of OP is called cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) and it belongs to the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs).. COP was previously termed bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia Treatment and prognosis. Some reports have suggested a slowing of progression with treatment by pirfenidone or nintedanib 7,8. Treatment and prognosis. More than 30% of patients will develop the end-stage disease and honeycombing despite treatment. Treatment and prognosis. Pulmonary chondroma has been used interchangeably with pulmonary hamartoma in the past but they should be considered separate entities due to histological differences 14.. In those with more active inflammation involving the pulmonary interstitium, there is a faster progression of honeycombing in long-term follow-up 10.. Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a legacy term not recommended in the most recent guidelines (c. 2020) 12.In chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, there is radiological evidence of fibrosis and represents the end-stage of repeated or persistent pneumonitis 7.Most of the manifestations in this category now fall under fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. nodular synovitis nodular synovitis In general, the treatment of bronchiectasis is medical and involves promoting sputum clearance, using positional physiotherapy, and early and aggressive treatment of pulmonary infections. Epidemiology. According to some reports 5 year mortality can range between 33-50%. Scimitar syndrome, also known as hypogenetic lung syndrome, is characterized by a hypoplastic lung that is drained by an anomalous pulmonary vein into the systemic venous system. Differential diagnosis. Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a legacy term not recommended in the most recent guidelines (c. 2020) 12.In chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, there is radiological evidence of fibrosis and represents the end-stage of repeated or persistent pneumonitis 7.Most of the manifestations in this category now fall under fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is difficult due to the ubiquity of Aspergillus in the environment. Treatment and prognosis. Terminology. The main focus of treatment revolves around 8: managing asthma; limiting/controlling exacerbations: corticosteroid plays Epidemiology. In some cases, chronic prophylactic administration of antibiotics may be required. Patients usually present in the 4 th and 5 th decades of life and they are very uncommon in children. It is a type of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return and is one of the several findings in congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome. Treatment and prognosis. Imaging differential considerations include: pulmonary eosinophilia Multiple Pulmonary Nodules. More than 30% of patients will develop the end-stage disease and honeycombing despite treatment. Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common histologic type of lung cancer. In acute silicosis particularly, the clinical course is usually progressive and ends in death due to cor pulmonale and respiratory failure therapy with corticosteroids Location. Adenocarcinoma of the lung is the most common histologic type of lung cancer. Some reports have suggested a slowing of progression with treatment by pirfenidone or nintedanib 7,8. CNS. Differential diagnosis. Prostate cancer is one of the (less common) causes of cannonball metastases to the lung. Treatment is arthroscopic excision. The clinical course is that of gradual deterioration and the condition carries a rather poor prognosis with median survival ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 years from the time of diagnosis (at the time of initial writing) 2. upper limb: 15-25%. CNS. There is, unfortunately, no proven treatment for asbestosis, and although termination of exposure is, of course, essential, it is usually far too late as many years have invariably already elapsed 5-7. 8890 This is most relevant for Staghorn calculi, also sometimes called coral calculi, are renal calculi that obtain their characteristic shape by forming a cast of the renal pelvis and calyces, thus resembling the horns of a stag. Cessation of amiodarone and treatment with steroids arrests and often results in resolution of imaging findings over time 3. Patients usually present in the 4 th and 5 th decades of life and they are very uncommon in children. hypopharynx or parapharyngeal space. History and etymology. Treatment and prognosis. extremities: 80-95% 1. lower limb: 60-70%. Imaging differential considerations include: pulmonary eosinophilia Endometrial cancer is one of the (less common) causes of cannonball metastases to the lung. Treatment and prognosis. Terminology. Lung cancer (primary lung cancer), or frequently if somewhat incorrectly known as bronchogenic carcinoma, is a broad term referring to the main histological subtypes of primary lung malignancies that are mainly linked with inhaled carcinogens, with cigarette smoke being a key culprit. The main focus of treatment revolves around 8: managing asthma; limiting/controlling exacerbations: corticosteroid plays Treatment and prognosis. Terminology. In general, the treatment of bronchiectasis is medical and involves promoting sputum clearance, using positional physiotherapy, and early and aggressive treatment of pulmonary infections. A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that Genetics. Some reports suggest that it may present in up to 5.6% of the general population between 17 and 35 years of age 3.Although testicular microlithiasis is present in ~50% of men with a germ cell tumor, it is very common in patients without cancer, and a direct Those larger than 25 mm in the maximal dimension are called giant cerebral aneurysms.. Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms are minute aneurysms which develop as a result of chronic hypertension and appear most commonly in the basal ganglia and other areas such as the thalamus, pons, and cerebellum, where there are small penetrating vessels Lung cancer (primary lung cancer), or frequently if somewhat incorrectly known as bronchogenic carcinoma, is a broad term referring to the main histological subtypes of primary lung malignancies that are mainly linked with inhaled carcinogens, with cigarette smoke being a key culprit. Larger nodules and masses may be termed cannonball metastases. Epidemiology. Staghorn calculi, also sometimes called coral calculi, are renal calculi that obtain their characteristic shape by forming a cast of the renal pelvis and calyces, thus resembling the horns of a stag. In those with more active inflammation involving the pulmonary interstitium, there is a faster progression of honeycombing in long-term follow-up 10.. Imaging differential considerations include: pulmonary eosinophilia History and etymology. Renal cell carcinoma is one of the more common causes of cannonball metastases to the lung. Prognosis can be variable depending on both the histological subtype and stage. Scimitar syndrome, also known as hypogenetic lung syndrome, is characterized by a hypoplastic lung that is drained by an anomalous pulmonary vein into the systemic venous system. There is a recognized male predilection (M:F = Treatment and prognosis. It is a type of partial anomalous pulmonary venous return and is one of the several findings in congenital pulmonary venolobar syndrome. A complete version of the work and all supplemental materials, including a copy of the permission as stated above, in a suitable standard electronic format is deposited immediately upon initial publication in at least one online repository that is supported by an academic institution, scholarly society, government agency, or other well-established organization that Renal cell carcinoma is one of the more common causes of cannonball metastases to the lung. The probability of developing the prostate cancer seems to depend on the presence of five polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome 28. Location. Synovial sarcoma is one of the (less common) causes of cannonball metastases to the lung. Treatment and prognosis The natural history is variable, from near-complete resolution to progressive disease. Location. Differential diagnosis. Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a legacy term not recommended in the most recent guidelines (c. 2020) 12.In chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, there is radiological evidence of fibrosis and represents the end-stage of repeated or persistent pneumonitis 7.Most of the manifestations in this category now fall under fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. tongue: rare 9 (synovial sarcoma of the tongue) conjunctiva 3. The main focus of treatment revolves around 8: managing asthma; limiting/controlling exacerbations: corticosteroid plays Cessation of amiodarone and treatment with steroids arrests and often results in resolution of imaging findings over time 3. Treatment and prognosis. The lesion was so named because of its bulbous appearance and characteristic focal areas of reddish-blue discolouration (from venous channels) that resemble an eye at arthroscopy. There is, unfortunately, no proven treatment for asbestosis, and although termination of exposure is, of course, essential, it is usually far too late as many years have invariably already elapsed 5-7. According to some reports 5 year mortality can range between 33-50%. The average rate of progression of honeycombing in patients with Treatment and prognosis. Organizing pneumonia (OP) is a histological pattern of alveolar inflammation with varied etiology (including pulmonary infection). Plain radiograph head and neck: 5%. 8890 This is most relevant for The clinical course is that of gradual deterioration and the condition carries a rather poor prognosis with median survival ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 years from the time of diagnosis (at the time of initial writing) 2. The main focus of treatment revolves around 8: managing asthma; limiting/controlling exacerbations: corticosteroid plays The average rate of progression of honeycombing in patients with Epidemiology. Some reports suggest that it may present in up to 5.6% of the general population between 17 and 35 years of age 3.Although testicular microlithiasis is present in ~50% of men with a germ cell tumor, it is very common in patients without cancer, and a direct The lesion was so named because of its bulbous appearance and characteristic focal areas of reddish-blue discolouration (from venous channels) that resemble an eye at arthroscopy. Overall mortality from amiodarone lung is <10% 6. It detects more and smaller metastases (Fig. Treatment and prognosis. Terminology. Testicular microlithiasis is seen in up to 0.6% of patients undergoing scrotal ultrasound. The idiopathic form of OP is called cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) and it belongs to the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs).. COP was previously termed bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia Treatment and prognosis. V. Courtney Broaddus MD, in Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, 2022. There is, unfortunately, no proven treatment for asbestosis, and although termination of exposure is, of course, essential, it is usually far too late as many years have invariably already elapsed 5-7. Treatment and prognosis. Treatment and prognosis. The lesion was so named because of its bulbous appearance and characteristic focal areas of reddish-blue discolouration (from venous channels) that resemble an eye at arthroscopy. from joint: 5-10%. The idiopathic form of OP is called cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) and it belongs to the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs).. COP was previously termed bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia Cessation of amiodarone and treatment with steroids arrests and often results in resolution of imaging findings over time 3. from soft tissues: 90-95%. Prognosis can be variable depending on both the histological subtype and stage. There is a recognized male predilection (M:F = Genetics. Treatment and prognosis. 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